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VEN+AZA: Mutational and cytogenetic risk subgroups data from the VIALE-A trial

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Overall survival outcomes
Descriptive analysis
Remission rates

VIALE-A study design

A randomized (2:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, phase 3 study that evaluated the efficacy and safety of VENCLEXTA (venetoclax tablets) in combination with azacitidine (VEN+AZA; N=286) vs placebo with azacitidine (PBO+AZA; N=145) in adults with newly diagnosed AML who were ≥75 years of age, or had comorbidities (see baseline characteristics) that precluded the use of intensive induction chemotherapy.1,3
View full study design.

Primary endpoint data

VEN+AZA demonstrated superior overall survival (OS) vs AZA. Median OS: VEN+AZA: 14.7 months; 95% CI: (11.9, 18.7) vs AZA: 9.6 months; 95% CI: (7.4, 12.7). OS: HR=0.66; 95% CI: (0.52, 0.85); P<0.001.1 View KM curve.

OS data in the consolidated IDH1/2 group16

  • OS in IDH1/IDH2 was a prespecified secondary endpoint

Subgroup analyses were not powered to demonstrate a statistically significant difference in OS. Small patient numbers in this subgroup can be a limitation of this analysis. No conclusions of efficacy or safety can be drawn from these data.

OS data in the consolidated IDH1/2 group

Descriptive prespecified analysis of OS in secondary and exploratory endpoints3-5,16

  • OS in the IDH1/2 and FLT3 subgroups was a prespecified secondary endpoint. Other select biomarker subgroups (IDH1, IDH2, TP53, and NPM1), cytogenetic risk, age, and ECOG score were exploratory endpoints.

Subgroup analyses were not powered to demonstrate a statistically significant difference in OS. Small patient numbers and lack of multiplicity adjustments for some subgroups can be a limitation of these analyses. No conclusions of efficacy or safety can be drawn from these data.

Descriptive prespecified analysis of OS in secondary and exploratory endpoints chart

*The HR of OS was estimated using the unstratified log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazards model for OS.

n/N=total number of events per total number of patients; NR=not reached.

Remission rates in different subgroups3-5,16

  • CR+CRh rates for IDH1/2 and FLT3 were prespecified secondary endpoints
  • CR+CRh rates for Age and ECOG subgroups were exploratory endpoints

Subgroup data do not support conclusions of efficacy or safety in any of the examined groups presented. The percentages are not adjusted for stratification.
 

Remission rates in different subgroups

AZA=azacitidine; CI=confidence interval; HR=hazard ratio; FLT=fms-like tyrosine kinase; IDH=isocitrate dehydrogenase; NPM=nucleophosmin; PBO=placebo; TP53=tumor protein 53; VEN=VENCLEXTA.

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Safety Data

Review a summary of safety data for patients treated with VEN+AZA in the VIALE-A trial

Review safety data
NEXT: OS Follow-Up and Real-World Evidence

US-VENA-230028

Important Safety Information & Indication

Indication

VENCLEXTA is indicated in combination with azacitidine, or decitabine, or low-dose cytarabine for the treatment of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults 75 years or older, or who have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy.

Important Safety Information

Tumor Lysis Syndrome

  • Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), including fatal events and renal failure requiring dialysis, has occurred in patients treated with VENCLEXTA.
  • VENCLEXTA can cause rapid reduction in tumor and thus poses a risk for TLS at initiation and during the ramp-up phase in all patients. Changes in blood chemistries consistent with TLS that require prompt management can occur as early as 6 to 8 hours following the first dose of VENCLEXTA and at each dose increase.
  • In patients with AML who followed the current 3-day ramp-up dosing schedule and the TLS prophylaxis and monitoring measures, the rate of TLS was 1.1% in patients who received VENCLEXTA in combination with azacitidine. In patients with AML who followed a 4-day ramp-up dosing schedule and the TLS prophylaxis and monitoring measures, the rate of TLS was 5.6% and included deaths and renal failure in patients who received VENCLEXTA in combination with low-dose cytarabine.
  • The risk of TLS is a continuum based on multiple factors, particularly reduced renal function, tumor burden, and type of malignancy.
  • Assess all patients for risk and provide appropriate prophylaxis for TLS, including hydration and anti-hyperuricemics. Monitor blood chemistries and manage abnormalities promptly. Employ more intensive measures (IV hydration, frequent monitoring, hospitalization) as overall risk increases. Interrupt dosing if needed; when restarting VENCLEXTA follow dose modification guidance in the Prescribing Information.
  • Concomitant use of VENCLEXTA with P-gp inhibitors or strong or moderate CYP3A inhibitors increases venetoclax exposure, which may increase the risk of TLS at initiation and during the ramp-up phase, and requires VENCLEXTA dose reduction.

Neutropenia

  • In patients with AML, baseline neutrophil counts worsened in 95% to 100% of patients treated with VENCLEXTA in combination with azacitidine or decitabine or low-dose cytarabine. Neutropenia can recur with subsequent cycles.
  • Monitor complete blood counts. Interrupt dosing for severe neutropenia. Resume at same dose then reduce duration based on remission status and first or subsequent occurrence of neutropenia. Consider supportive measures including antimicrobials and growth factors (e.g., G-CSF).

Infections

  • Fatal and serious infections such as pneumonia and sepsis have occurred in patients treated with VENCLEXTA. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of infection and treat promptly. Withhold VENCLEXTA for Grade 3 and 4 infection until resolution and resume at same dose.

Immunization

  • Do not administer live attenuated vaccines prior to, during, or after treatment with VENCLEXTA until B-cell recovery occurs. Advise patients that vaccinations may be less effective. 

Embryo-Fetal Toxicity

  • VENCLEXTA may cause embryo-fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with VENCLEXTA and for 30 days after the last dose.

Increased Mortality in Patients with Multiple Myeloma when VENCLEXTA is Added to Bortezomib and Dexamethasone

  • In a randomized trial (BELLINI; NCT02755597) in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, the addition of VENCLEXTA to bortezomib plus dexamethasone, a use for which VENCLEXTA is not indicated, resulted in increased mortality. Treatment of patients with multiple myeloma with VENCLEXTA in combination with bortezomib plus dexamethasone is not recommended outside of controlled clinical trials. 

Adverse Reactions

  • In patients with AML receiving combination therapy with azacitidine, the most frequent serious adverse reactions (≥5%) were febrile neutropenia (30%), pneumonia (22%), sepsis (excluding fungal; 19%), and hemorrhage (6%). The most common adverse reactions including hematological abnormalities (≥30%) of any grade were neutrophils decreased (98%), platelets decreased (94%), lymphocytes decreased (91%), hemoglobin decreased (61%), nausea (44%), diarrhea (43%), febrile neutropenia (42%), musculoskeletal pain (36%), pneumonia (33%), fatigue (31%), and vomiting (30%). Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 23% of patients who received VENCLEXTA in combination with azacitidine, with the most frequent (≥2%) being pneumonia (4%), sepsis (excluding fungal; 3%), and hemorrhage (2%).
  • In patients with AML receiving combination therapy with decitabine, the most frequent serious adverse reactions (≥10%) were sepsis (excluding fungal; 46%), febrile neutropenia (38%), and pneumonia (31%). The most common adverse reactions including hematological abnormalities (≥30%) of any grade were neutrophils decreased (100%), lymphocytes decreased (100%), white blood cells decreased (100%), platelets decreased (92%), hemoglobin decreased (69%), febrile neutropenia (69%), fatigue (62%), constipation (62%), musculoskeletal pain (54%), dizziness (54%), nausea (54%), abdominal pain (46%), diarrhea (46%), pneumonia (46%), sepsis (excluding fungal; 46%), cough (38%), pyrexia (31%), hypotension (31%), oropharyngeal pain (31%), edema (31%), and vomiting (31%). One (8%) fatal adverse reaction of bacteremia occurred within 30 days of starting treatment.
  • In patients with AML receiving combination therapy with low-dose cytarabine, the most frequent serious adverse reactions (≥10%) were pneumonia (17%), febrile neutropenia (16%), and sepsis (excluding fungal; 12%). The most common adverse reactions including hematological abnormalities (≥30%) of any grade were platelets decreased (97%), neutrophils decreased (95%), lymphocytes decreased (92%), hemoglobin decreased (63%), nausea (42%), and febrile neutropenia (32%). Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 23% of patients who received VENCLEXTA in combination with LDAC, with the most frequent (≥5%) being pneumonia (6%) and sepsis (excluding fungal; 7%).

Drug Interactions

  • Concomitant use with a P-gp inhibitor or a strong or moderate CYP3A inhibitor increases VENCLEXTA exposure, which may increase VENCLEXTA toxicities, including the risk of TLS. Consider alternative medications or adjust VENCLEXTA dosage and monitor more frequently for adverse reactions. Resume the VENCLEXTA dosage that was used prior to concomitant use of a P-gp inhibitor or a strong or moderate CYP3A inhibitor 2 to 3 days after discontinuation of the inhibitor.
  • Patients should avoid grapefruit products, Seville oranges, and starfruit during treatment as they contain inhibitors of CYP3A. 
  • Avoid concomitant use of strong or moderate CYP3A inducers.  
  • Monitor international normalized ratio (INR) more frequently in patients receiving warfarin.
  • Avoid concomitant use of VENCLEXTA with a P-gp substrate. If concomitant use is unavoidable, separate dosing of the P-gp substrate at least 6 hours before VENCLEXTA. 

Lactation

  • Advise nursing women not to breastfeed during treatment with VENCLEXTA and for 1 week after the last dose.

Females and Males of Reproductive Potential

  • Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with VENCLEXTA and for 30 days after the last dose.
  • Based on findings in animals, VENCLEXTA may impair male fertility.

Hepatic Impairment

  • Reduce the dose of VENCLEXTA for patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C); monitor these patients more frequently for signs of adverse reactions. No dose adjustment is recommended for patients with mild (Child-Pugh A) or moderate (Child-Pugh B) hepatic impairment.

Please see full Prescribing Information.

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VENCLEXTA® and its design are registered trademarks of AbbVie Inc.

    • VENCLEXTA Prescribing Information.

      VENCLEXTA Prescribing Information.

    • Referenced with permission from the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®) for Acute Myeloid Leukemia V.3.2024. © National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Inc. 2024. All rights reserved. Accessed May 17, 2024. To view the most recent and complete version of the guideline, go online to NCCN.org. NCCN makes no warranties of any kind whatsoever regarding their content, use or application and disclaims any responsibility for their application or use in any way.

      Referenced with permission from the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®) for Acute Myeloid Leukemia V.3.2024. © National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Inc. 2024. All rights reserved. Accessed May 17, 2024. To view the most recent and complete version of the guideline, go online to NCCN.org. NCCN makes no warranties of any kind whatsoever regarding their content, use or application and disclaims any responsibility for their application or use in any way.

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